IF Statements Logical IF statement IF statements execute conditional instructions. These statements make the program naughty. For every single task, it sets one condition in advance. If a particularly given condition (given by logical_expression) holds true, then only the program will execute a given statement (executable_statement). IF (logical_expression) executable_statement Block IF statement The naughtiness of […]
Read & Write statements A file is a sequence of records that itself is a sequence of values or characters. A FORTRAN program can read from and write to the files stored on an external storage device. Instead of the usual READ statement, file processing employs a more general form of READ statement. Also, WRITE […]
An input statement reads the information from an input device or a file. It then separates the info into separate items converting them into binary form understood to computer. Finally, each item resides in a separate variable allocated to it for further processing. On the other hand, output statements read the items from the processed […]
1. Arithmetic Operations Arithmetic operations are denoted by following arithmetic operators: Addition + Subtraction – Multiplication * Division / Exponentiation ** Order of Precedence Operands of an arithmetic operation may be a numeric constant, numeric variable or an arithmetic expression in parentheses. Two operators cannot be written consecutively. Operations must be defined in a particular […]
In the earlier posts, we have provided the details on how to get started with FORTRAN77 and install a FORTRAN compiler with an editor. Knowledge of dimension and parameter statements leads us one step ahead. Dimension statement This statement declares the dimensions and rank of arrays in a program. For example, the code below is […]
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The philosophy of modeling Modeling is a mental activity that lets us think and prepare models to describe how different objects, people, and devices behave. These models are then used to extract more complex information A model is a translation of an idea or a phenomenon into a form that makes it easy to understand. […]
Progress of work done by Junior Research Fellows (JRF) is assessed at the end of the two-year term of the fellowship. If the work of the fellow is found satisfactory, he/she is promoted to Senior Research Fellow (SRF). This extension comes with a good increment in fellowship amount also and is a crucial turn in […]
A two-fold classification of research is reported in the literature which proposes two kinds of research: Fundamental or Basic Research & Action or applied research It is difficult to provide a clear distinction between fundamental and applied research as both of them are intermingled. However, the two modes of research differ in their objectives. 1. […]
What is Paraphrasing? Presenting the ideas of others or information taken from elsewhere in your own words is called paraphrasing. Importance of paraphrasing can be understood from the fact that we start learning it from the very childhood. In schools teachers tell students not to print the words from books on the exam sheets exactly, […]